Treatment Risks

Understanding Treatment Risks

At Innova Dental, we believe that quality care starts with informed decision-making. Every treatment we provide is carefully planned with your oral health, function, and individual circumstances in mind. However, it is important to understand that all dental and cosmetic procedures carry potential risks and considerations.

The information on this page outlines general risks, side effects, and recovery considerations associated with a range of dental treatments offered at Innova Dental. It is intended to support open and informed discussions between you and your dentist, helping you make decisions with clarity and understanding. Treatment outcomes can vary between individuals, and your dentist will always discuss the specific risks, benefits, and suitability of any proposed treatment during your consultation.

Important: All dental procedures involve some level of risk. Before proceeding with treatment, you may wish to seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

General Risks Linked to Dental Treatment

• Anaesthesia: Dental treatments come with temporary numbness, which is normal. However, there may also be a risk of prolonged numbness, especially with complicated procedures. It may last for weeks or months. In the worst cases, it can be permanent. Allergic reactions to local anesthesia are very rare. 
• Pain & Discomfort: Some degree of discomfort or pain is common after any dental procedure. Besides post-operative pain, patients may experience bruising or swelling. Over-the-counter medications prescribed by a doctor can help in pain management.  
• Bleeding: Surgical procedures, such as extractions, may cause bleeding or oozing. The formation of haematoma (bleeding under the skin surface) is not uncommon. However, patients who are on blood-thinning medications may experience prolonged bleeding. Hence, it is important to ensure your dentist knows about all your present medications and past health implications. 
• Infection: Any dental procedure that involves cutting of gum comes with a risk of infection from the bacteria naturally present in the mouth. We maintain proper sterilisation protocols to prevent infection. Moreover, our dentists may prescribe antibiotics to manage such an infection. 
• Damage to Adjacent Teeth: During a dental treatment, the adjacent tooth or the existing filling or crown can be damaged (minor) from surgical instruments. 
• Complications in Root & Nerve: Procedures associated with lower jaw, such as wisdom teeth removal, comes with a risk of temporary or permanent nerve damage. The patient may experience continuous numbness, tingling, or discomfort. Also, tooth extraction procedures come with a risk of root complications. Therefore, if required, our dentists will leave a small fragment of the tooth in place to prevent excess damage to the nearby nerves. 
• Sinus Complication: As the molars and premolars at the upper jaw are located near maxillary sinuses, any procedure linked to these teeth may create a small opening between the sinus cavity and mouth. Further intervention may be required to close it if it does not heal on its own. Upper jaw treatments have a risk of Sinusitis. 
• TMJ & Muscular Problems: As you keep your mouth wide open for maximum dental procedures, it may lead to jaw muscle stiffness or pain. Patients with a history of jaw joint issues are at a risk of temporary jaw dislocation. 
• Delayed & Unpredictable Outcomes: Outside factors such as smoking, or medical conditions like diabetes can delay the overall healing process. Also, each patient’s body responds uniquely to dental procedures. Hence, we cannot assure the same results for everyone. Treatment success may vary based on individual responses and habits. 
• Material-related Risks: Allergic reactions caused from the instruments or materials used in dental procedures is not uncommon. It is advisable to inform your dentist about any known allergies. There is also risk of material failure such as crowns coming loose.
  
  

Treatment Specific Risks

There are certain treatment-specific risks which you must be aware of to avoid unwanted dental complications leading to physical, mental, and financial exhaustion. 

Veneers (Porcelain & Composite Resin) 

Veneers may be used to improve the appearance, shape, and function of teeth as part of a planned dental treatment. While veneers can provide predictable and long-lasting results for suitable patients, they require preparation of the natural tooth structure and involve risks that should be carefully considered before proceeding.

Key Risks & Considerations

• Irreversible tooth preparation:
  Placement of veneers usually requires removal of a thin layer of natural enamel. This process is permanent, and teeth that have been prepared for veneers will always require a restoration in the future.

• Tooth sensitivity:
  Some patients experience temporary sensitivity to hot, cold, or pressure following enamel reduction or veneer placement. In some cases, sensitivity may persist for a longer period.

• Marginal wear or decay:
  Over time, the margin where the veneer meets the natural tooth can be affected by wear or breakdown. If this occurs, bacteria may enter the area and increase the risk of decay beneath the veneer.

• Veneer damage or debonding:
  Veneers may chip, crack, or become loose, particularly in patients who clench or grind their teeth, or if excessive biting forces are present. Repair or replacement may be required.

• Colour limitations:
  Veneers are matched to the colour of your teeth at the time of placement. Once bonded, veneers cannot be whitened, and future tooth whitening may result in a colour mismatch between veneers and natural teeth.

• Pulp or nerve complications:
  In some cases, the tooth nerve may become irritated or damaged following veneer preparation, which can lead to the need for further treatment such as root canal therapy.

• Longevity:
  Veneers are not permanent restorations. Over time, they may require replacement due to wear, damage, changes in gum position, or changes to the surrounding teeth.

• Material reactions:
  Although uncommon, allergic or adverse reactions to dental materials or local anaesthetic can occur.

Recovery & Ongoing Care

Most patients are able to continue normal daily activities during and after veneer treatment. Mild sensitivity or gum tenderness may occur and typically improves over time. Long-term success depends on maintaining good oral hygiene, wearing protective appliances if recommended (such as a night splint), and attending regular dental reviews.

Your dentist will discuss the suitability of veneers for your individual circumstances, along with specific risks, alternatives, and expected outcomes, as part of your consultation.

 

Invisalign and Clear Aligner Treatment

Invisalign helps to strengthen your teeth and enhance your smile without being visible to others. However, the success rate of this method depends on the level of patient cooperation and certain considerations.

• It is normal to experience temporary pressure and discomfort after switching to new aligners, which eventually subsides with time. 
• Aligners are to be worn for 20-22 hours per day. Non-compliance with aligner wear guideline may lead to delayed recovery and altered final outcome. 
• It is important to follow indicated hygiene protocols, attend preventative maintenance visits as poor hygiene can increase risk for decay and gum issues. 
• At times, a tooth may not move as predicted before the treatment. Pre-existing conditions on teeth for example teeth with large fillings or a history of trauma may respond less predictably to alignment treatment. This will call for a mid-course correction where the dentist may recommend a new set of aligners or any additional support. 
• New aligners may impact your speech because your tongue takes time to adjust with them. This will reduce as the time goes by. 
• The edges of Invisalign aligners can cause discomfort on a temporary basis, affecting your gums and inside of your cheeks. 
• There is a risk of root resorption where the tooth roots shorten.
• Also, the tooth may shift back to its original position without proper post-treatment care and maintenance. 

Your dentist will discuss the suitability of clear aligner treatment for your individual circumstances, along with specific risks, alternatives, and expected outcomes, as part of your consultation.

 

Dental Implants & All-on-X Full-Arch Implants 

Dental implants are used to replace one or more missing teeth, while full-arch implant solutions such as All-on-X are designed to support a complete upper or lower set of teeth. These treatments can help restore function and appearance, but they involve surgical procedures and carry specific risks and considerations that should be understood before treatment begins.

Treatment Duration

Implant treatment is typically completed over multiple appointments, often spanning several months depending on case complexity. After surgical placement, implants require a healing period to integrate with the jawbone before final restorations are fitted.

Temporary restorations may be provided during the healing phase, particularly in full-arch treatments such as All-on-X.

Key Risks & Considerations

• Surgical risks:
  As with any surgical procedure, swelling, bruising, bleeding, discomfort, or infection may occur following implant surgery.

• Implant failure:
  In some cases, implants may not successfully integrate with the jawbone and may need to be removed or replaced. Implant failure can occur early or many years after placement. Factors such as smoking, particularly heavy smoking, can increase this risk.

• Nerve involvement:
  In the lower jaw, implants placed near nerves may result in altered or reduced sensation in the lip, chin, or tongue. This is uncommon and often temporary, but in rare cases may be permanent.

• Sinus-related risks:
  In the upper jaw, particularly in the molar and premolar regions, implants placed close to the sinuses may increase the risk of sinus complications or require additional procedures such as sinus augmentation.

• Additional procedures:
  Some patients may require bone grafting or other preparatory procedures to provide sufficient support for implants. These procedures carry their own risks and recovery considerations.

• Peri-implant disease:
  Long-term inflammation and bone loss around implants (peri-implantitis) can occur, particularly if oral hygiene is inadequate. This may compromise implant stability and longevity.

• Mechanical complications:
  Issues such as loosening of implant crowns or bridges, wear of components, or gum recession around implants may occur over time and may require maintenance or repair.

• Cleaning access and design considerations:
  Certain implant designs, including angled implants used in some All-on-X treatments, may reduce cleaning access in specific areas. Poor plaque control can increase the risk of peri-implant disease.

• Speech and adaptation:
  In full-arch implant treatments, particularly when a prosthesis covers the palate in the upper jaw, temporary changes to speech may occur. Most patients adapt over time as the tongue adjusts to the new contours.

• Medical and lifestyle factors:
  Conditions such as diabetes, osteoporosis, and habits such as smoking can affect healing, integration, and long-term outcomes. It is important to disclose all relevant medical history to your dentist.

Recovery & Ongoing Care

Swelling and bruising typically peak within the first few days after surgery and gradually subside. Mild bleeding may occur for up to 24–48 hours. Pain or discomfort is expected during the initial recovery period and is usually managed with prescribed or recommended medication.

Most patients return to light daily activities within a few days but should avoid strenuous activity for at least one week. Healing and integration of implants continue over weeks to months.

Long-term success of dental implants depends on consistent oral hygiene, adherence to maintenance recommendations, and regular dental reviews, typically every four to six months.

Your dentist will discuss the specific risks, alternatives, and suitability of dental implants or All-on-X treatment for your individual circumstances as part of your consultation.

Your dentist will discuss the suitability of dental implant treatment for your individual circumstances, along with specific risks, alternatives, and expected outcomes, as part of your consultation. All dental procedures involve some level of risk. You may wish to seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner before proceeding with treatment.

 

Teeth Whitening

Teeth whitening is a cosmetic dental procedure used to lighten the shade of natural teeth. While it can be effective for suitable patients, it is important to understand the potential risks and limitations before proceeding.

Key Risks & Considerations

• Tooth sensitivity:
  Temporary sensitivity to hot or cold is common during or after whitening treatment. This usually resolves within a few days but may persist longer for some individuals.

• Gum and soft tissue irritation:
  Whitening gels may cause temporary irritation, redness, or discomfort to the gums or surrounding soft tissues, particularly if whitening trays do not fit correctly.

• Discomfort during treatment:
  Some patients experience brief sharp or shooting sensations during or shortly after whitening. These effects are typically temporary.

• Colour mismatch with restorations:
  Whitening treatments only affect natural tooth structure. Crowns, veneers, fillings, or other restorations will not change colour, which may result in uneven shading.

• Temporary results:
  Teeth whitening is not permanent. The effects and results of whitening can reduce over time, and repeat treatments may be required to maintain the desired shade.

• Limited effect on internal staining:
  Whitening may not be effective for intrinsic discolouration caused by trauma, certain medications, or developmental conditions.

• Shade selection considerations:
  Very light or unnatural shade choices may appear overly bright initially. A chalky appearance can occur immediately after treatment and typically settles over time.

Your dentist will discuss the suitability of professional whitening for your individual circumstances, along with specific risks, alternatives, and expected outcomes, as part of your consultation.

 

Braces

Without thorough awareness, even safe dental treatments like braces can fail to deliver desired results. Let’s explore some of the major considerations. 

• Improper brushing and flossing techniques, poor diet, and wrong toothpaste can result in permanent stains on your teeth. Poor hygiene may lead to cavities. 
• Braces have a high likelihood of trapping food inside, making it vulnerable to plaque. Gum inflammation can occur along with swelling, or bleeding as a result of poor oral hygiene. Gum recession is also a risk depending on individual response to treatment.
• Root resorption and soft tissue irritation are common risks associated with braces. The latter is caused by the orthodontic wires or brackets, and can result in discomfort or pain inside your mouth. 
• If the patient does not follow dietary restrictions and opt for crunchy or hard food, brackets or wires may break or come loose and alter the outcome. Unscheduled appointments may be needed.
• There is a chance of relapse. The corrected tooth can shift back to its prior position once the braces are removed. It is essential to strictly follow instructions given by your dentist regarding retainer wear and the importance of your retention phase.

Your dentist will discuss the suitability of braces for your individual circumstances, along with specific risks, alternatives, and expected outcomes, as part of your consultation.

 

Wisdom Teeth Removal

Wisdom teeth removal is a commonly performed procedure, and some cases can be more complex due to the position of these teeth and their proximity to surrounding structures. As with any surgical treatment, there are specific risks and considerations that should be understood before proceeding.

Key Risks & Considerations

• Dry socket (alveolar osteitis):
  In some cases, the blood clot that forms in the extraction site may dissolve or dislodge prematurely. This can expose the underlying bone and nerves, leading to persistent pain that may require additional treatment.

• Pain, swelling, and restricted jaw movement:
  Temporary swelling, discomfort, and limited mouth opening (trismus) are common following surgery. These symptoms usually improve over time, but recovery varies between individuals and may take several weeks.

• Sinus involvement (upper wisdom teeth):
  Upper wisdom teeth may be close to or extend into the maxillary sinus. In some cases, a communication between the mouth and sinus can occur after extraction. This often heals on its own, but further treatment may occasionally be required.

• Incomplete or modified extraction:
  In certain situations, complete removal of a wisdom tooth may pose a higher risk of complications. Your dentist may recommend leaving a small portion of the tooth in place if this is considered safer, with the aim of reducing the risk of nerve or structural damage.

Recovery & Ongoing Care

Post-operative discomfort and swelling are expected and typically managed with prescribed or recommended medication. Following post-operative instructions carefully can help reduce the risk of complications and support healing.

Your dentist will discuss the suitability of wisdom teeth removal for your individual circumstances, along with specific risks, alternatives, and expected outcomes, as part of your consultation.

 

Periodontal (Gum) Treatment

Periodontal treatment is used to manage gum disease and support the health of the gums and surrounding bone. While treatment aims to reduce inflammation and stabilise the supporting structures of the teeth, there are important risks and outcomes that should be understood as part of the decision-making process.

Key Risks & Considerations

• Changes in tooth stability:
  As inflamed and infected gum tissue begins to heal, some patients may notice an increase in tooth looseness. This can occur as swelling reduces and the true level of bone support becomes apparent. In many cases, stability improves as healing progresses, but this varies between individuals.

• Gum recession and root exposure:
  Successful periodontal treatment often results in a reduction of diseased gum pockets. This may lead to gum recession, where more of the tooth or root surface becomes visible. While this is a common and expected outcome of treatment, it can alter the appearance of the teeth and may increase sensitivity to temperature.

• Tooth sensitivity and risk of root decay:
  Exposed root surfaces are more vulnerable to sensitivity and decay. Maintaining excellent oral hygiene and following professional care recommendations is essential to reduce the risk of root cavities.

• Smoking:
  Smoking is a significant risk factor for gum disease and can negatively affect the success of periodontal treatment. Tobacco use reduces blood flow to the gums, impairs healing, and increases the risk of ongoing inflammation and bone loss. Patients who continue smoking during and after treatment may experience reduced treatment effectiveness and a higher likelihood of disease progression.

• Diabetes and other medical conditions:
  Medical conditions such as diabetes are closely linked to periodontal health. Poorly controlled diabetes can increase the severity of gum disease and slow healing following periodontal therapy. In turn, untreated gum disease may make blood sugar control more difficult. Effective management of systemic health conditions, along with regular dental care, is important for achieving and maintaining periodontal stability.

• Ongoing maintenance requirements:
  Periodontal disease is a chronic condition that requires long-term management. Regular professional maintenance appointments, scheduled at intervals recommended by your dentist or hygienist, are essential to help prevent disease progression and maintain treatment results.

Your dentist will discuss the suitability of periodontal treatment for your individual circumstances, along with specific risks, alternatives, and expected outcomes, as part of your consultation.

 

Root Canal Treatment

Root canal treatment is performed to remove infected or damaged nerve tissue from within a tooth, with the aim of relieving pain and preserving the remaining tooth structure. While this procedure is commonly performed and often successful, it involves technical challenges and carries certain risks that should be understood before treatment.

Key Risks & Considerations

• Complex canal anatomy:
  Teeth with narrow, curved, or calcified root canals can be difficult to fully clean and disinfect. In these cases, bacteria may persist, increasing the risk of ongoing infection or the need for further treatment.

• Canal shaping complications (ledging or zipping):
  During cleaning and shaping of the root canal, particularly in curved canals, deviations such as ledging or zipping may occur. These complications can limit access to the full length of the canal and may affect the outcome of treatment.

• Incomplete sealing or reinfection:
  If the root canal system cannot be completely sealed, bacteria may re-enter the tooth, leading to reinfection and the possible need for retreatment, surgery, or extraction.

• Instrument separation:
  In some cases, a small instrument used to clean the canal may separate within the tooth. This does not always affect the outcome, but depending on the position and circumstances, additional treatment or referral may be required.

• Post-treatment discomfort:
  Temporary pain, tenderness, or swelling may occur following root canal treatment. This is a common part of the healing process and does not necessarily indicate treatment failure.

• Tooth fragility and restoration needs:
  Teeth that have undergone root canal treatment may become more brittle over time. Placement of a crown is often recommended to protect the tooth from fracture and restore function. Tooth discolouration may also occur.

Your dentist will discuss the suitability of root canal treatment for your individual circumstances, along with specific risks, alternatives, and expected outcomes, as part of your consultation.

 

Dental Crowns & Bridges

Crowns and bridges are restorative dental treatments used to strengthen damaged teeth or replace missing ones. A crown covers and protects a single tooth, while a bridge uses neighbouring teeth or implants to support one or more replacement teeth. While these restorations can restore function and appearance, they involve irreversible changes to natural teeth and carry specific risks that should be considered before treatment.

Treatment Duration

• Crowns typically require one or two appointments, depending on whether same-day or laboratory-fabricated restorations are used.

• Bridges usually require two or more appointments, depending on the number of teeth involved and treatment complexity.

• Temporary restorations may be placed between visits to protect prepared teeth.

Key Risks & Considerations

• Irreversible tooth preparation:
  Placement of a crown or bridge requires permanent removal of a portion of natural tooth structure. Once prepared, the tooth will always require a restoration.

• Tooth sensitivity and pulp involvement:
  Some patients experience sensitivity following tooth preparation. In certain cases, irritation or damage to the tooth nerve (pulpitis) may occur, which could result in the need for root canal treatment in the future.

• Marginal wear and decay:
  Over time, the junction where the crown or bridge meets the natural tooth may deteriorate. If oral hygiene is not maintained, this area may become prone to decay.

• Cement breakdown or loosening:
  The cement used to retain crowns or bridges can weaken over time, potentially leading to loosening of the restoration and the need for repair or replacement.

• Durability and wear:
  Crowns and bridges may chip, crack, or wear under heavy biting forces, particularly in patients who clench or grind their teeth.

• Bridge-specific considerations:
  Teeth supporting a bridge are subjected to additional load, which may increase the risk of wear, fracture, or the need for further treatment. Cleaning around and beneath bridges can also be more challenging, increasing the importance of meticulous oral hygiene.

• Longevity:
  Crowns and bridges are not permanent restorations and may need to be replaced over time due to wear, changes in the supporting teeth or gums, or functional demands.

Recovery & Ongoing Care

Most patients can return to normal activities immediately after treatment. Mild sensitivity or gum tenderness may occur and typically improves over time. Long-term success depends on maintaining good oral hygiene, attending regular dental reviews, and managing biting forces as recommended by your dentist.

Your dentist will discuss the suitability of crown and bridge treatment for your individual circumstances, along with specific risks, alternatives, and expected outcomes, as part of your consultation.

 

Dentures

Full and partial dentures are removable appliances used to replace missing teeth and restore basic oral function. While dentures can be an effective option for suitable patients, there are several functional and long-term considerations that should be understood before proceeding.

Key Risks & Considerations

• Chewing efficiency:
  Dentures generally provide less biting and chewing efficiency than natural teeth. A period of adjustment is required as patients learn to chew and speak comfortably with their dentures.

• Increased salivation:
  Some patients experience increased saliva production after denture placement. This is a common response to a new appliance in the mouth and usually reduces over time. It is more noticeable with upper dentures that cover the palate.

• Speech changes:
  Upper full dentures may temporarily affect speech, particularly pronunciation of certain sounds. This typically improves as the tongue and muscles adapt to the new denture.

• Stability concerns (lower dentures):
  Lower dentures are often less stable than upper dentures due to reduced surface area and tongue movement. Movement during eating or speaking is common and may affect comfort and confidence.

• Bone resorption:
  After tooth loss, the jawbone continues to shrink over time. This natural bone resorption can affect denture fit, stability, and comfort, and may require adjustments or replacement of the denture.

• Oral hygiene and inflammation:
  Food debris and plaque can accumulate on dentures and surrounding tissues. Inadequate cleaning may lead to gum inflammation or denture-related stomatitis. Strict daily cleaning and regular dental reviews are essential.

Ongoing Care & Maintenance

Dentures require regular review to assess fit, function, and oral tissue health. Over time, relining, adjustment, or replacement may be necessary to maintain comfort and effectiveness. Your dentist or prosthetist will discuss appropriate maintenance routines and alternative treatment options where relevant.

Your dentist or prosthetist will discuss the suitability of dentures for your individual circumstances, along with specific risks, alternatives, and expected outcomes, as part of your consultation.